Albert Einstein's Accomplishment in Life and Theoritical Physics

Albert Einstein birthday- Albert Einstein was born in March 14, 1879,Ulm, Germany and died April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.

Albert Einstein is such a great name in the history of science that his name must be included among the top most scientific minds the world has produced so far. His theories of relativity led to the entirely new dimension of thinking about time, matter , energy , and gravity. He own the noble prize for physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

Albert Einstein Family

In 1880, the year after Einstein’s birth , his family moved from Ulm to Munich, where Hermann Einstein, his father , and Jakob Einstein, his uncle , setup a small scale electrical plant and engineering works. During that time German schools were rigidly disciplined , which Einstein found intimidating and boring. Moreover, he showed very little scholastic ability. At the behest of his mother Einstein also studied music and learned violin which the used to play throughout his life for relaxation purpose.

Early Age

At the age of 15, with poor grades in history, geography, and languages, he left school with no diploma and went to Milan to rejoin his family, who had recently moved to there from Germany because of his father’s business setbacks. Einstein resumed his education in physics and mathematics at the renowned Federal Polytechnic Academy of Zurich in Switzerland .After his graduation in the spring of 1900, he became a Swiss citizen. He worked as a mathematics teacher for two months and then he was employed as an examiner at the Swiss patent office in Bern. In 1903, Einstein married his university girl friend Mileva Maric.

In 1905, at the age of 26 Einstein published five major research papers in a prestigious German physics journal . For his first paper he received a doctorate degree from the university of Zurich, thesis entitled “A new determination of Molecular Dimensions,”.

In his first paper he explained Brownian movement, the zigzag motion of microscopic particles in suspension, which is the random motion of molecules of the suspension medium as they bounce against the suspended particles.

His second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. He suggested that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, which exhibits some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. In fact his paper redefined the theory of light. It also explained the theory of photoelectric effect, which is due to the emission of electrons from some solids when they are struck by light waves.

His third paper was linked to an essay which he wrote at the age of 16, known as “special theory of relativity.” He showed that how time and motion are relative to its observer, if the speed of light is constant and natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe –it was a complete novel idea of that time.

Einstein’s fourth paper was a mathematical addition to his third paper where he presented his famous formula , E=mc^{2 ,} known as the mass-energy relation. It says that the energy (E) inherent in a mass(m) equals the mass multiplied by the velocity of light squared(c²) .This equation proves that a small particle of matter is the equivalent of an enormous quantity of energy. This theory had helped him to be considered among the most eminent physicists of Europe during that time.

In his general theory of relativity, published in 1916, Einstein proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curved field in the space-time continuum that is created by the presence of mass.

In 1914 Einstein had accepted a position with the Prussian Academy of Sciences and moved to Berlin. During that time his wife and two sons were vacationing in Switzerland and with the eruption of World War I they were unable to return to Berlin. In fact this separation lead to divorce a few years later. Beginning in the 1920s Einstein tried to establish a mathematical relationship between electromagnetism and gravitation. He spent the rest of his life on this unsuccessful attempt to explain all of the properties of matter and energy in a single mathematical formula.

Einstein was a pacifist and an outspoken critic of German militarism. Einstein's view of humanity during the war period appears in a letter to a friend, the Austrian born Dutch physicist Paul Ehrenfest:“The ancient Jehovah is still abroad. Alas, he slays the innocent along with the guilty, whom he strikes so fearsomely blind that they can feel no sense of guilt.…We are dealing with an epidemic delusion which, having caused infinite suffering, will one day vanish and become a monstrous and incomprehensible source of wonderment to later generations.”

Einstein opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In 1933 Nazis came to power in Germany ,they denounced his ideas, seized his property, and burned his books. That year he moved to the United States. In 1940 he became an American citizen.

In 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II in Europe, Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Enrico Fermi, an Italian physicist who lived in the United States, proposed that a chain-reaction splitting of uranium atoms could release enormous quantities of energy. That same year Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany's development of an atomic bomb. He suggested that the United States begin preparations for its own atomic bomb research. Einstein's urging led to the creation of the Manhattan Project and the development of the first two atomic bombs in 1945.

Einstein died in his sleep at Princeton Hospital, N.J., on April 18, 1955. On his desk found his last incomplete statement, written to honor Israeli Independence Day. It read in part: “What I seek to accomplish is simply to serve with my feeble capacity truth and justice at the risk of pleasing no one.” Einstein's contribution to man's understanding of the universe was matchless, and he will be regarded among the all time best scientists of science. Perhaps, realization of the vastness of our universe made him to comment, “Politics are for the moment. An equation is for eternity.”